What is an HSG test for infertility?

Today, infertility is a disappointment for millions of couples across the globe. Those doubts and disappointments of not being able to conceive affect both partners. But there are medical tests bringing answers to all your questions, spanning infertility.

One such test is the HSG test or Hysterosalpingography - a diagnosis where doctors examine the female reproductive system in detail. This specialised X-ray is also known as the fallopian tube blockage test or HSG procedure. But where does it fit amongst other investigations? Well, it reveals whether the pathways for the egg to meet the sperm are open.

What is an HSG test, and why is it done?

The HSG test is a medical diagnostic imaging technique. It concerns the reproductive system, where doctors identify if the uterus has any kind of irregularities. They use contrast dye and X-ray images and form clear pictures of the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes to find fibroids, adhesions, or polyps. In simple words, the idea is to know whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked.

The main aim of the HSG procedure is to uncover physical barriers. These barriers may be preventing natural conception, leading to infertility. Since women's fallopian tubes are the route for the egg to travel and meet sperm, any obstruction can cause difficulty in conception. This is also the reason why many women refer to it as a fallopian tube blockage test. But the HSG test doesn't concern fallopian tubes alone, but offers valuable insights into uterine shape and structure.

Anyway, Bliss Fertility doctors suggest an HSG test when a couple fails to conceive for a year or when the woman is over 35. In some cases, the diagnosis is suggested if the female has any history of endometriosis, pelvic infections, or previous miscarriages. The HSG procedure also comes into play where surgeries involving the uterus or fallopian tubes are present. It not only helps in diagnosis but also guides the right treatment decision.

How Does the HSG Test Work?

The HSG test isn't another simple blood work but a complex diagnosis performed in either a fertility clinic or a radiology only. It usually takes less than half an hour and unfolds like:

The woman lies on an X-ray table (same as during a pelvic examination).

The doctor gently inserts a speculum to visualise the cervix.

Next, a thin, flexible tube (catheter) is placed through the cervix into the uterus, allowing a special contrast dye to pass through it. The dye is meant to highlight the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes to later display them on X-ray images.

The dye moves help to take a series of X-rays. It will flow freely into the abdominal cavity if the tubes are open. But in case of a fallopian blockage, the dye will stop at the point of obstruction.

The specialist removes the catheter and speculum once the images are captured. The process may cause mild cramping during or after the test.

It's the use of dye and imaging that makes the entire HSG procedure effective.

Who Should Consider Getting an HSG Test?

An HSG test isn't a diagnosis for every woman dealing with infertility. Instead, your doctor will only suggest it given the presence of certain conditions or concerns. Women over 35 who have failed to conceive for over a year are usually advised to take this test. Or, if you have a history of miscarriages, structural problems in the uterus, any scar tissue, or abnormal shapes in the reproductive system, you may have to undergo this diagnosis.

HSG procedure is also considered if the woman has any pelvic inflammatory disease or prior surgeries resulting in tube damage or scarring.

How Should You Prepare for an HSG Test?

Preparing for the HSG test is simple, but you need to follow the medical advice closely. The doctors in Bliss Fertility will schedule it after menstruation but before ovulation (within days 7 and 10 of the period cycle). The timing is important to make sure that the uterus is clear of menstrual tissue and there's no chance of early pregnancy.

Since the HSG procedure is mildly discomforting, the doctors may provide pre-test instructions like pain relievers half to one hour before the appointment. Or, in some cases, antibiotics are prescribed as a precaution against infection. Although it isn't performed on a fasting body, different clinics may have their own guidelines.

Preparing the female for emotional discomfort is also important. Many women feel anxious about the procedure and its outcome; therefore, understanding beforehand and even practicing relaxation techniques can help ease stress.

Is the HSG test Painful or Risky?

Yes, the HSG test is painful and discomforting, but the level of pain varies. When the doctor inserts a catheter or when the contrast dye flows, it causes mild cramping just like menstrual pain. The pain and discomfort vary amongst women.

It is common to see light spotting or watery discharge for a day or two post the test. Some women also feel bloated or pressure in the lower abdomen.

There are mild chances of an allergic reaction to dye, but doctors ensure safety during the procedure.

What Do HSG Test Results Show?

The images from the HSG test reveal key information about fertility. A normal finding will show a smooth, well-shaped uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. Whereas, if there are abnormalities, the tests will show clearly. A fallopian tube blockage test outcome may show that the dye stopped at one or both tubes because of obstruction. Or, the X-ray images may show irregular shapes, fibroids, scar tissue, or adhesions.

What Happens After the HSG Test?

HSG test recovery is quick, and women can do normal tasks within hours. Doctors recommend wearing a pad since spotting or discharge of dye can occur for a short time.

Shortly, the next steps follow depending on the results. If the test shows tubes and uterus are normal, the doctor will recommend timed intercourse or ovulation induction. But if there are blockages, they may suggest corrective procedures or assisted reproductive treatments.Overall, the HSG test is a valuable part of the infertility evaluation. It's not something complicated that you should be afraid of, but it's something to be aware of.

If you are facing difficulties conceiving, consult a fertility specialist at Bliss Fertility today. Your next few visits will offer you a clear picture of your road to parenthood. Call Now

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